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This chapter provides a conceptual and historical background for understanding the processes of autonomous adaptation to climate change. Focusing on local, self-initiated responses, it introduces the concept of the “triad of autonomous adaptation” to explain how adaptation unfolds through interactions with three key dimensions: aspirations, inequalities, and agnostic responses. Drawing on grounded ethnographic insights, the chapter illustrates how individuals and communities navigate shifting environmental conditions not through formal policy interventions, but through everyday acts shaped by social memory, marginality, and hope. It argues that climate change should not be viewed in isolation; rather, it must be understood as deeply entangled with ongoing social and economic transformations.