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The concept of green libraries has gained global attention, yet definitional dilemmas persist regarding their scope, standards, and certifications. This study critically analyses these ambiguities while exploring India’s efforts toward sustainable library practices. It examines both Indian and international case studies, highlighting libraries that have initiated green initiatives. Additionally, the study investigates librarians’ perceptions of sustainability, their role in fostering societal transformation, and the challenges they face in implementing eco-friendly practices. Based on these findings, the study provides recommendations for advancing green library practices, ensuring that libraries contribute meaningfully to environmental sustainability.