{"id":13289,"date":"2018-12-12T13:29:57","date_gmt":"2018-12-12T07:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=13289"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:27:47","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T10:57:47","slug":"seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of Gangtok Region, India"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-5fg76kp-b19a55a5b006bfd8c01e4498d9bf4376 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-fade-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 23.333333333333%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-5fg76kp-b19a55a5b006bfd8c01e4498d9bf4376__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-9141 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-9141\"  src=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/Bet365-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-1500x350.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"350\" title='temple' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/Bet365-Cityscapes-copy\/temple.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/Bet365-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-300x70.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/Bet365-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-1030x240.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/Bet365-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-705x165.jpg 705w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/Bet365-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-450x105.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<div id='av-layout-grid-1'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-46t83op-fc7461fc9f3f0c128b5238009d527386 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_slideshow_full  avia-builder-el-last  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-40kl955-54646a3eb0a79e80ed8dcb8c5268cbc1\">\n.flex_cell.av-40kl955-54646a3eb0a79e80ed8dcb8c5268cbc1{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#dfdfdf;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-40kl955-54646a3eb0a79e80ed8dcb8c5268cbc1{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-40kl955-54646a3eb0a79e80ed8dcb8c5268cbc1 av-gridrow-cell av_one_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-2  el_before_av_cell_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-3  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><div id=\"nav_menu-3\" class=\"widget clearfix widget_nav_menu\"><div class=\"menu-knowledge-gateway-container\"><ul id=\"menu-knowledge-gateway\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-18382\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-18382\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\">PUBLICATIONS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18383\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-18383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?page_id=9472\">PAPERS AND ARTICLES<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18384\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18384\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/books-and-monographs\/\">BOOKS, BOOK CHAPTERS AND MONOGRAPHS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18385\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18385\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/conference-proceedings\/\">CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18386\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/reports\/\">REPORTS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18389\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18389\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/policy-papers\/\">POLICY PAPERS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18388\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/cases\/\">CASES<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18387\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/policy-briefs\/\">POLICY BRIEFS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-19935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19935\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/glossaries\/\">GLOSSARIES<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18390\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18390\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/opinion-and-editorial\/\">OPINION AND EDITORIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18391\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18391\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/maps-and-data\/\">MAPS AND DATA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-35l9xm1-76d02845096b0baf9f876741d5696665\">\n.flex_cell.av-35l9xm1-76d02845096b0baf9f876741d5696665{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-35l9xm1-76d02845096b0baf9f876741d5696665{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-35l9xm1-76d02845096b0baf9f876741d5696665 av-gridrow-cell av_three_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_cell_one_fifth  el_before_av_cell_one_fifth '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-095bddf5a5fef9eb7b48fcb9a87e3872\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-095bddf5a5fef9eb7b48fcb9a87e3872{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-095bddf5a5fef9eb7b48fcb9a87e3872 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-095bddf5a5fef9eb7b48fcb9a87e3872 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-095bddf5a5fef9eb7b48fcb9a87e3872 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of Gangtok Region, India<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jpl2d1h9-62b98dd9b52de61a9a4a97c17e9007f2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; text-transform: none; color: #8a0000;\"><em>Teja Malladi\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>| 2018<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jpl2fo69-2c784509f0274c4a8e7812a4b50023e6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>About 59% of India\u2019s land is prone to moderate to severe earthquakes (M &gt; 5) which makes it one of highest seismic risk prone areas in the world. Destructive earthquakes (M &gt; 6.5), which are highly unpredictable, don\u2019t occur frequently which makes people, local authorities ignore the importance of the earthquake resistant building design, disaster preparedness and post disaster management. The damage scenarios can act as the base for preparation of disaster management plans, taking mitigation measures and prepare population living in the high vulnerable areas. The research used HAZUS methodology is used for assessing vulnerability and damage caused by the 18th September 2011 earthquake at Gangtok (68 km from the epicentre) which is the capital city of state of Sikkim, a major hub for tourism and economy. The scale and the details of the results are directly based on the amount of information used in the execution of methodology. Parameters like magnitude and type of earthquake, distance from the epicentre to the study area, geology and local conditions of soil etc, and building characteristics for the vulnerability and damage assessment. Damages reported by the local authorities were used as the reference to validate the generated results and discuss the applicability of the method in Indian context. Based on the terrain conditions, the possible hazard zones and elements at risk, risk map was also generated. The results showed that concrete types of buildings were highly vulnerable and there is a high probability of damage to such buildings. These scenarios were matched with the reported damage. The research concludes that the HAZUS methodology can be used in Indian condition as HAZUS building types have some similarity with Indian building types.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2gjgnm1-6e75beb0d417606aa8943fee0cbd52f2\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2gjgnm1-6e75beb0d417606aa8943fee0cbd52f2{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2gjgnm1-6e75beb0d417606aa8943fee0cbd52f2 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_social_share '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-1xt53ux-f874b639aa48883dce0468df040d5404 av-social-sharing-box-minimal  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook\" href='https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/&#038;t=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8f3' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Facebook' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-twitter' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Twitter\" href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India&#038;url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=13289' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue932' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Twitter' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-whatsapp' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on WhatsApp\" href='https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\uf232' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on WhatsApp' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on WhatsApp<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-pinterest' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Pinterest\" href='https:\/\/pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiihs.co.in%2Fknowledge-gateway%2Fseismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india%2F&#038;description=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India&#038;media=https%3A%2F%2Fiihs.co.in%2Fknowledge-gateway%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2Fiihs_logo_R_1-1.png' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8f8' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Pinterest' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Pinterest<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-linkedin' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" href='https:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India&#038;url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8fc' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on LinkedIn' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-tumblr' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Tumblr\" href='https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/share\/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiihs.co.in%2Fknowledge-gateway%2Fseismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india%2F&#038;name=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India&#038;description=%3Cem%3ETeja%20Malladi%3C%2Fem%3E%3Cbr%2F%3E%3Chr%2F%3E' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8fa' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Tumblr' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Tumblr<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-vk' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Vk\" href='https:\/\/vk.com\/share.php?url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue926' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Vk' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Vk<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-reddit' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Reddit\" href='https:\/\/reddit.com\/submit?url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/&#038;title=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue927' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Reddit' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Reddit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-mail' ><a  aria-label=\"Share by Mail\" href='mailto:?subject=Seismic%20vulnerability%20and%20risk%20assessment%20of%20Gangtok%20Region%2C%20India&#038;body=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/seismic-vulnerability-and-risk-assessment-of-gangtok-region-india\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share by Mail'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share by Mail<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1tpjqzt-9026502a2b24e1822eff6962bdb1407d\">\n.flex_cell.av-1tpjqzt-9026502a2b24e1822eff6962bdb1407d{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#cfcfcf;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-1tpjqzt-9026502a2b24e1822eff6962bdb1407d{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-1tpjqzt-9026502a2b24e1822eff6962bdb1407d av-gridrow-cell av_one_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_cell_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p><div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-11  el_before_av_sidebar  avia-builder-el-first '><div id=\"search-2\" class=\"widget clearfix widget_search\"><h3 class=\"widgettitle\">Search<\/h3>\n\n<form action=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/\" id=\"searchform\" method=\"get\" class=\"\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<input type=\"submit\" value=\"\ue803\" id=\"searchsubmit\" class=\"button avia-font-entypo-fontello\" \/>\n\t\t<input type=\"text\" id=\"s\" name=\"s\" value=\"\" placeholder='Search' \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_sidebar  avia-builder-el-last '><div id=\"tag_cloud-3\" class=\"widget clearfix widget_tag_cloud\"><h3 class=\"widgettitle\">Tags<\/h3><div class=\"tagcloud\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/1-5c\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-125 tag-link-position-1\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"1.5\u00b0C (2 items)\">1.5\u00b0C<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/accuracy-assessment\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-185 tag-link-position-2\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"accuracy assessment (1 item)\">accuracy assessment<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/adaptation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-123 tag-link-position-3\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Adaptation (4 items)\">Adaptation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/bangalore\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-186 tag-link-position-4\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Bangalore (1 item)\">Bangalore<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/climate-change\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-68 tag-link-position-5\" style=\"font-size: 14.434782608696pt;\" aria-label=\"Climate Change (10 items)\">Climate Change<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/conference-reports\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-187 tag-link-position-6\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Conference Reports (1 item)\">Conference Reports<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/cultural-flows\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-200 tag-link-position-7\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Cultural Flows (1 item)\">Cultural Flows<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/culture\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-107 tag-link-position-8\" style=\"font-size: 14.434782608696pt;\" aria-label=\"Culture (10 items)\">Culture<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/data-and-metrics\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-103 tag-link-position-9\" style=\"font-size: 18.347826086957pt;\" aria-label=\"Data and Metrics (30 items)\">Data and Metrics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-145 tag-link-position-10\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Design (4 items)\">Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/economic-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-99 tag-link-position-11\" style=\"font-size: 18.95652173913pt;\" aria-label=\"Economic Development (35 items)\">Economic Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ecosystem\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-152 tag-link-position-12\" style=\"font-size: 15.826086956522pt;\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem (15 items)\">Ecosystem<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/energy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-160 tag-link-position-13\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Energy (4 items)\">Energy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/environment-and-climate\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-14\" style=\"font-size: 22pt;\" aria-label=\"Environment and Climate (80 items)\">Environment and Climate<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/equity\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-94 tag-link-position-15\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Equity (2 items)\">Equity<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/gender\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-110 tag-link-position-16\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Gender (4 items)\">Gender<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ghs-pop\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-183 tag-link-position-17\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"GHS-POP (1 item)\">GHS-POP<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/governance\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-102 tag-link-position-18\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Governance (27 items)\">Governance<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/gynecology-and-obstetrics\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-188 tag-link-position-19\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Gynecology And Obstetrics (1 item)\">Gynecology And Obstetrics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/health\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-151 tag-link-position-20\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Health (2 items)\">Health<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/higher-education\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-195 tag-link-position-21\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"higher education (1 item)\">higher education<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/housing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-13 tag-link-position-22\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Housing (27 items)\">Housing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/human-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-100 tag-link-position-23\" style=\"font-size: 15.652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Human Development (14 items)\">Human Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/india\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-182 tag-link-position-24\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"India (1 item)\">India<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/industrial-policy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-80 tag-link-position-25\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Industrial Policy (2 items)\">Industrial Policy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/institutional-structures\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-197 tag-link-position-26\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"institutional structures (1 item)\">institutional structures<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/instructional-design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-150 tag-link-position-27\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Instructional Design (2 items)\">Instructional Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ipcc\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-126 tag-link-position-28\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"IPCC (2 items)\">IPCC<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/knowledge\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-143 tag-link-position-29\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Knowledge (3 items)\">Knowledge<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/land\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-108 tag-link-position-30\" style=\"font-size: 19.565217391304pt;\" aria-label=\"Land (42 items)\">Land<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/non-economic-loss\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-194 tag-link-position-31\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Non-Economic Loss &quot; (1 item)\">Non-Economic Loss &quot;<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/pedagogy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-196 tag-link-position-32\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"pedagogy (1 item)\">pedagogy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/planning\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-106 tag-link-position-33\" style=\"font-size: 17.565217391304pt;\" aria-label=\"Planning (24 items)\">Planning<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/policies\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-146 tag-link-position-34\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Policies (3 items)\">Policies<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/population-mapping\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-184 tag-link-position-35\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"population mapping (1 item)\">population mapping<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/poverty-and-inequality\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-101 tag-link-position-36\" style=\"font-size: 17.391304347826pt;\" aria-label=\"Poverty and Inequality (23 items)\">Poverty and Inequality<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/research-communication\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-199 tag-link-position-37\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Bet365 लाइव क्रिकेट स्ट्रीमिंग Communication (1 item)\">Bet365 लाइव क्रिकेट स्ट्रीमिंग Communication<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/risk\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-97 tag-link-position-38\" style=\"font-size: 16.521739130435pt;\" aria-label=\"Risk (18 items)\">Risk<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/scholarly-publishing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-130 tag-link-position-39\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Scholarly Publishing (2 items)\">Scholarly Publishing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/science-gaps\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-193 tag-link-position-40\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Science Gaps (1 item)\">Science Gaps<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/sustainability\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-93 tag-link-position-41\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Sustainability (6 items)\">Sustainability<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/transport\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-95 tag-link-position-42\" style=\"font-size: 12.173913043478pt;\" aria-label=\"Transport (5 items)\">Transport<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/urban-equality\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-198 tag-link-position-43\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"urban equality (1 item)\">urban equality<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/urbanisation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-88 tag-link-position-44\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Urbanisation (6 items)\">Urbanisation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/water-and-sanitation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-96 tag-link-position-45\" style=\"font-size: 17.826086956522pt;\" aria-label=\"Water and Sanitation (26 items)\">Water and Sanitation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>Teja Malladi<\/em><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11835,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[127,128],"class_list":["post-13289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paper","tag-earthquake","tag-risk-assessment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13289\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}