{"id":15120,"date":"2020-05-04T12:58:19","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T07:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=15120"},"modified":"2020-10-05T09:54:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T04:24:46","slug":"%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%ac-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%ac-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0932\u0949\u0915\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092c \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-av_slideshow_full-256baf843038993bbe2e04682c8b91b9 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-fade-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' 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data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k9s5mji2-58dd4fd7fc0fdbffff024d036b7e3ff1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-k9s5mji2-58dd4fd7fc0fdbffff024d036b7e3ff1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-k9s5mji2-58dd4fd7fc0fdbffff024d036b7e3ff1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-k9s5mji2-58dd4fd7fc0fdbffff024d036b7e3ff1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-k9s5mji2-58dd4fd7fc0fdbffff024d036b7e3ff1 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >\u0932\u0949\u0915\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092c \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e2\u092f \u093f5\u09257\u0924 \u09159 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902&lt;\u092e\u0923 (?\u093e\u0902\u093f\u091c\u0936\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0938D\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 F\u0932\u090f H\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930I?<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <section  class='av_textblock_section av-k9s5o0cc-1c610742eb1b7e5d507e1ab8fff670cb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p> <span style=\"font-size: 13px; text-transform: none; color: #8a0000;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/about\/board-founding-members\/aromar-revi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aromar Revi<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>| 11 \u09053\u0948\u0932 2020\u00a0<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/section> <section  class='av_textblock_section av-k9s5orbr-5c367d6a118192cb23456340854ba823 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"p4\">Summary<\/p>\n<p>\u0932\u0949\u0915\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092c \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e2\u092f \u093f5\u09257\u0924 \u09159 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902&lt;\u092e\u0923 (?\u093e\u0902\u093f\u091c\u0936\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0938D\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 F\u0932\u090f H\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930I?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section> <div  class='avia-button-wrap av-av_button-a75df4b9a88e5dc258c81bff5216508c-wrap avia-button-left '><a href='https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/overview_of_municipal_finance.pdf'  class='avia-button av-av_button-a75df4b9a88e5dc258c81bff5216508c avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-medium avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" ><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download Paper<\/span><\/a><\/div> \n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-5ea7596238ed9f191e6b5e662093052f\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-5ea7596238ed9f191e6b5e662093052f{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-5ea7596238ed9f191e6b5e662093052f hr-invisible'><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div> <div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-av_social_share-5995610a499585b311e23e1b98b9221f av-social-sharing-box-minimal av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook\" 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tag-link-position-7\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Cultural Flows (1 item)\">Cultural Flows<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/culture\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-107 tag-link-position-8\" style=\"font-size: 14.434782608696pt;\" aria-label=\"Culture (10 items)\">Culture<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/data-and-metrics\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-103 tag-link-position-9\" style=\"font-size: 18.347826086957pt;\" aria-label=\"Data and Metrics (30 items)\">Data and Metrics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-145 tag-link-position-10\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Design (4 items)\">Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/economic-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-99 tag-link-position-11\" style=\"font-size: 18.95652173913pt;\" aria-label=\"Economic Development (35 items)\">Economic Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ecosystem\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-152 tag-link-position-12\" style=\"font-size: 15.826086956522pt;\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem (15 items)\">Ecosystem<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/energy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-160 tag-link-position-13\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Energy (4 items)\">Energy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/environment-and-climate\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-14\" style=\"font-size: 22pt;\" aria-label=\"Environment and Climate (80 items)\">Environment and Climate<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/equity\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-94 tag-link-position-15\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Equity (2 items)\">Equity<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/gender\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-110 tag-link-position-16\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Gender (4 items)\">Gender<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ghs-pop\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-183 tag-link-position-17\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"GHS-POP (1 item)\">GHS-POP<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/governance\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-102 tag-link-position-18\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Governance (27 items)\">Governance<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/gynecology-and-obstetrics\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-188 tag-link-position-19\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Gynecology And Obstetrics (1 item)\">Gynecology And Obstetrics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/health\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-151 tag-link-position-20\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Health (2 items)\">Health<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/higher-education\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-195 tag-link-position-21\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"higher education (1 item)\">higher education<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/housing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-13 tag-link-position-22\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Housing (27 items)\">Housing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/human-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-100 tag-link-position-23\" style=\"font-size: 15.652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Human Development (14 items)\">Human Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/india\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-182 tag-link-position-24\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"India (1 item)\">India<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/industrial-policy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-80 tag-link-position-25\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Industrial Policy (2 items)\">Industrial Policy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/institutional-structures\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-197 tag-link-position-26\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"institutional structures (1 item)\">institutional structures<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/instructional-design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-150 tag-link-position-27\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Instructional Design (2 items)\">Instructional Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ipcc\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-126 tag-link-position-28\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"IPCC (2 items)\">IPCC<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/knowledge\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-143 tag-link-position-29\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Knowledge (3 items)\">Knowledge<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/land\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-108 tag-link-position-30\" style=\"font-size: 19.565217391304pt;\" aria-label=\"Land (42 items)\">Land<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/non-economic-loss\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-194 tag-link-position-31\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Non-Economic Loss &quot; (1 item)\">Non-Economic Loss &quot;<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/pedagogy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-196 tag-link-position-32\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"pedagogy (1 item)\">pedagogy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/planning\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-106 tag-link-position-33\" style=\"font-size: 17.565217391304pt;\" aria-label=\"Planning (24 items)\">Planning<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/policies\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-146 tag-link-position-34\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Policies (3 items)\">Policies<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/population-mapping\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-184 tag-link-position-35\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"population mapping (1 item)\">population mapping<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/poverty-and-inequality\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-101 tag-link-position-36\" style=\"font-size: 17.391304347826pt;\" aria-label=\"Poverty and Inequality (23 items)\">Poverty and Inequality<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/research-communication\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-199 tag-link-position-37\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Bet365 लाइव क्रिकेट स्ट्रीमिंग Communication (1 item)\">Bet365 लाइव क्रिकेट स्ट्रीमिंग Communication<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/risk\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-97 tag-link-position-38\" style=\"font-size: 16.521739130435pt;\" aria-label=\"Risk (18 items)\">Risk<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/scholarly-publishing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-130 tag-link-position-39\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Scholarly Publishing (2 items)\">Scholarly Publishing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/science-gaps\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-193 tag-link-position-40\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Science Gaps (1 item)\">Science Gaps<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/sustainability\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-93 tag-link-position-41\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Sustainability (6 items)\">Sustainability<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/transport\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-95 tag-link-position-42\" style=\"font-size: 12.173913043478pt;\" aria-label=\"Transport (5 items)\">Transport<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/urban-equality\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-198 tag-link-position-43\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"urban equality (1 item)\">urban equality<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/urbanisation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-88 tag-link-position-44\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Urbanisation (6 items)\">Urbanisation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/water-and-sanitation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-96 tag-link-position-45\" style=\"font-size: 17.826086956522pt;\" aria-label=\"Water and Sanitation (26 items)\">Water and Sanitation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>Aromar Revi<\/em><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-policy-briefs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15120"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15120\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}