{"id":21050,"date":"2024-09-09T16:37:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T11:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=21050"},"modified":"2024-09-20T16:56:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T11:26:22","slug":"evaluating-health-risks-associated-with-fluoride-and-nitrate-contaminants-in-drinking-water-to-residents-living-in-the-chikkaballapur-taluk-of-karnataka-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/evaluating-health-risks-associated-with-fluoride-and-nitrate-contaminants-in-drinking-water-to-residents-living-in-the-chikkaballapur-taluk-of-karnataka-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluating Health Risks Associated With Fluoride and Nitrate Contaminants in Drinking Water to Residents Living in the Chikkaballapur Taluk of Karnataka, India"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap 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av-gridrow-cell av_three_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_cell_one_fifth  el_before_av_cell_one_fifth '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m0uwbi6l-9d3393f35a4df4a5cd381016bf7f6bbf\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-m0uwbi6l-9d3393f35a4df4a5cd381016bf7f6bbf{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-m0uwbi6l-9d3393f35a4df4a5cd381016bf7f6bbf .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-m0uwbi6l-9d3393f35a4df4a5cd381016bf7f6bbf .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-m0uwbi6l-9d3393f35a4df4a5cd381016bf7f6bbf av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Evaluating Health Risks Associated With Fluoride and Nitrate Contaminants in Drinking Water to Residents Living in the Chikkaballapur Taluk of Karnataka, India<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m0uwd2u7-234c6862e25bfe9068aefabc56b42f39 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; text-transform: none; color: #8a0000;\"><em>Sridhara Malur Krishnappa, Sadashivaiah Channabasavaiah, Devendra Hanche, <a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/iihs-people\/team\/kiran-d-a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kiran Dasalukunte Ananda<\/a>, Aparna Puradahalli Muthanarasimha\u00a0 <\/em>| 9 September 2024\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m0uwdt5p-977a05bbe58bb5c77691a6f3b0af7349 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"abstract-group metis-abstract\">\n<section id=\"section-1-en\" class=\"article-section article-section__abstract\" lang=\"en\" data-lang=\"en\">\n<div class=\"article-section__content en main\">\n<p>Addressing fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater is crucial for safeguarding public health. Fluoride contamination in groundwater can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis, along with potential neurotoxic effects. Nitrate contamination can lead to methemoglobinemia in infants and increase cancer risk due to the formation of nitrosamines. The major goal of this study was to examine groundwater quality in the Chickkaballapur urban (CBU) and Chikkaballapur rural (CBR) parts of the Chikkaballapur taluk (CBT), Karnataka, and to investigate the potential health hazards associated with the presence of fluoride and nitrate contaminants. Hazard quotient and total hazard index (THI) calculation methods, as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, were used in the present study to evaluate non-carcinogenic risks for individuals of various age categories, including men, women, and children (MWC). A total of 112 samples from rural areas and 41 samples from urban areas of Chikkaballapur taluk were collected during the post-monsoon season. According to the study&#8217;s findings, groundwater samples from CBU and CBR surpassed acceptable fluoride concentration limits by 41% and 40%, respectively, while samples from CBR exceeded acceptable nitrate limits by 17%, set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (1\u00a0mg\/L for fluoride and 45\u00a0mg\/L for nitrate). All CBU samples remained within the acceptable nitrate limits. The total non-carcinogenic health risks for MWC ranged from 0.34 to 2.18, 0.40 to 2.58, and 0.46 to 2.95, respectively, for CBU, and from 0.16 to 6.51, 0.19 to 7.69, and 0.21 to 8.80, respectively, for CBR. Furthermore, a significant percentage of the groundwater samples that were collected in CBU (60.98%, 68.29%, and 75.61%) and CBR (48.21%, 62.50%, and 73.21%) exceeded the THI limit for MWC (THI = 1). Hence, based on the health risk assessment, it is evident that children in the study area have greater health risks than men and women.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pb-dropzone\" data-pb-dropzone=\"below-abstract-group\"><\/div>\n<section id=\"tqem22315-sec-0160\" class=\"article-section__content\"><\/section>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-m0uwe8zc-690f78ab3ae664a4e8a29e56b7b34875-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><a href='https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tqem.22315' class='avia-button av-m0uwe8zc-690f78ab3ae664a4e8a29e56b7b34875 avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-medium avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Access Paper<\/span><\/a><\/div><br 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Sanitation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":17766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21050"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21094,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21050\/revisions\/21094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}